Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other organisms. Current information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies several common causes, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), COVID-19, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
The term “walking pneumonia” is commonly associated with infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The CDC describes M. pneumoniae as a type of bacteria that can cause respiratory infections ranging from chest colds to pneumonia. Symptoms may develop gradually and can include fatigue, fever, headache, sore throat, and a cough that may persist for weeks. Because symptoms can be less severe or develop slowly, some individuals may continue normal daily activities while sick, which is one reason the term “walking pneumonia” is used.
Pneumonia can have a wide range of symptoms depending on its cause and severity. Reported symptoms may include cough, fever or chills, fatigue, chest discomfort, and difficulty breathing. Some people may also experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Older adults and people with certain underlying health conditions can be at greater risk for serious complications from respiratory infections.
Treatment also varies according to the cause. Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections but do not treat viral infections. Because pneumonia can have different causes, identifying the underlying infection is an important part of determining appropriate medical treatment.
Pneumococcal vaccination recommendations have also changed. In 2024, the CDC lowered the age for routine pneumococcal vaccination from 65 to 50 years old. Current recommendations include several vaccine options, including PCV15, PCV20, and PCV21, with vaccination schedules depending on age, previous vaccination history, and certain medical conditions.
Pneumonia remains an important respiratory health concern, particularly among older adults. Current research and surveillance continue to monitor bacterial and viral causes, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which has been associated with recent increases in respiratory illness in some areas.
Sources:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumonia Spotlight.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pneumococcal Disease and Pneumococcal Vaccines.
{{head}}